Probiotics for Aquaculture
In the early 1990th, I and two colleagues asked a couple of questions we could not let go. We wondered whether healthy fish may have certain yeasts colonizing their intestine. If this was the case, may some of those be beneficial for the fish health?
Yeasts are a natural part of water systems, but the cell concentration in bulk water is generally low. Could it be that they need for instance a nutrient rich fish gut to thrive, and for that give something in return to the animal? If so, could selected yeasts be introduced to actually boost the health of farmed fish in aquaculture?
of fish embedded in the intestinal mucus layer (photo: T. Andlid).
We knew about the problems with infections and stressed animals in aquaculture and hypothesized that adding selected yeasts might increase the animal resistance to disease, and decrease the need for antibiotics. We also had reasons to believe that certain yeasts could be nutritionally important and increase the growth of the fish. We needed answers …
We caught wild fish, worked with and on fish farms, isolated and identified many yeasts from the fish intestines. We kept our own fish and invented ways to do colonization experiments, meaning that we gave specific live yeasts to the fish and studied if and how they established in the intestine. Naturally, we also studied key properties of the yeasts themselves. Our findings we believe had impact on much to come about yeasts as
probiotics in aquaculture.
Key findings from our early work:
Specific yeasts can undoubtedly colonize a fish intestine in concentrations much higher than the surrounding water. This affects the level of gut bacteria, which typically decrease. The competition for space and nutrients makes it harder for pathogens to grow in the fish. We described the mechanisms for how the yeasts managed to establish in the fish gut, in spite of the constant flush of water in a fish intestine.
One strain in particular, Debaryomyces hansenii Hf1 (when deposited at the strain collection in Delft named CBS 8339) stood out. It is now one of the best documented and proven effective yeast probiotics, shown to work for several fish species and shrimps. The strain (isolated by T. Andlid) is part of the strain collection of Andlid Bio Solutions.
We see many uses for D. hansenii Hf1 (CBS 8339) and would be happy to discuss how it can be used in aquaculture of any kind. We offer consultancy and expertise to discuss and try the strain. We are also open to initiate collaborations on how to go from research to production in larger scale and marketing a probiotic product, scientifically proven to work.
DEMONSTRATED EFFECTS FROM OUR PROBIOTIC YEAST
The probiotic yeast Debaryomyces hansenii Hf1 (CBS 8339) isolated from fish gut (rainbow trout) has been demonstrated to improve health and nutrition in several types of fish and shrimps.
- Increased growth rate of fish larvae
- Decreased death
- Inducing earlier maturation of intestinal function (induced expression of digestive enzymes) in fish larvae, leading to improved nutrient uptake.
- Reduced spinal chord malformation in fish larvae
- Improved immune defence in fish and shrimps
- Increase resistance to infection by pathogens via improved innate immunity
- Reduced need for antibiotics
Page from the Delft culture collection
showing origin of D. hansenii CBS 8339
Key references
1) Our work
1993 The expression of potential colonization factors of yeasts isolated from fish during different growth conditions
R Vázquez-Juárez, F Ascencio, T Andlid, L Gustafsson, T Wadström
Canadian journal of microbiology 39 (12), 1135-1141
1995 Yeast colonizing the intestine of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and turbot (Scophtalmus maximus)
T Andlid, RV Juárez, L Gustafsson
Microbial Ecology 30, 321-334
1994 Cell surface hydrophobicity and its relation to adhesion of yeasts isolated from fish gut
R Vázquez-Juárez, T Andlid, L Gustafsson
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2 (1-3), 199-208
1995 Ecological physiology of yeasts colonizing the intestine of fish
Thomas Andlid, PhD thesis
1997 Adhesion of yeast isolated from fish gut to crude intestinal mucus of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri
R Vázquez-Juárez, T Andlid, L Gustafsson
Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 6 (1), 64-71
1998 Yeasts isolated from the intestine of rainbow trout adhere to and grow in intestinal mucus
Thomas Andlid, Vazquez-Juarez, L Gustafsson
Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 7 (115-126)
1999 Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 7764 isolated from rainbow trout intestine
T Andlid, L Blomberg, L Gustafsson, A Blomberg
Systematic and applied microbiology 22 (1), 145-155
II) Selected publications by others using our probiotic strain D. hansenii Hf1 (CBS 8339)
2010 Effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii on the immune and antioxidant systems of leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Martha Reyes-Becerril, Dariel Tovar-Ramírez, Felipe Ascencio-Valle, Roberto Civera-Cerecedo, Vicente Gracia-López, Valérie Barbosa-Solomieu, María Ángeles Esteban
2010 Dietary probiotic live yeast modulates antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae
D. Tovar-Ramíreza, *, D. Mazuraisa, b, J.F. Gatesoupea, b, P. Quazuguela, b, C.L. Cahua, b and J.L. Zambonino-Infantea, b a Ifremer
Aquaculture February 2010, Volume 300, Issues 1-4, Pages 142- 147
2019 Probiotic effects of marine Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 on innate immune and antioxidant parameters in newborn goats
Miriam Angulo 1, Martha Reyes-Becerril 1, Ramón Cepeda-Palacios 2, Dariel Tovar-Ramírez 1, María Ángeles Esteban 3, Carlos Angulo
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, Mar;103(5):2339-2352. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09621-5. Epub 2019 Jan 18
2019 Oral administration of Debaryomyces hansenii CBS8339-β-glucan induces trained immunity in newborn goats
Miriam Angulo, Martha Reyes-Becerril, Ramón Cepeda-Palacios and Carlos Angulo
Developmental and Comparative Immunology 105(5):103597. DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103597
2020 Probiotic and nutritional effects of Debaryomyces hansenii on animals
Miriam Angulo, M. Reyes‐Becerril, +2 authors C. Angulo
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. volume 104, pages7689–7699 (2020)
2022 Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 promotes larval development in Seriola rivoliana
Andressa Teles a, Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-González a, Raúl Llera-Herrera b, Enric Gisbert c, Joan Salas-Leiva d, María del Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo e, Dariel Tovar-Ramírez e
Aquaculture Volume 560, 15 November 2022, 738587
2023 Probiotic Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 yeast enhanced immune responses in mice
M Angulo, Abel Ramos, Martha Reyes-Becerril, Kevyn Guerra, Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante and Carlos Angulo
3 Biotech volume 13, Article number: 28 (2023). Volume42, Issue11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02762.x